The Republic of Genoa soundly beat the Republic of Pisa in the Battle of Meloria in 1284, therefore depriving Pisa of naval superiority in the Mediterranean. Turning now to the 16th century, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada created Bogotá, Colombia, in 1538, so signally changing South American history.
Significantly for European colonial interests, Portugal signed the Treaty of The Hague in 1661 between the Dutch Republic and her. The Battle of Oriskany in 1777 during the American Revolutionary War turned back American attempts to relieve Fort Stanwix. A turning point in American history, sixty proof sheets of the U.S. Constitution arrived to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Though he kept rule over the Austrian Empire, Francis II broke apart the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Founded in Vermont in 1819, Norwich University, the first private military academy in the United States,
Crucially for the patriots, armies under Simón Bolívar routed Spanish Royalists at the Battle of Junín in 1824, during the Peruvian War of Independence. Bolivia said it was independent in 1825. Targeting slavery in what is now Nigeria, the British-imposed Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861 sought to Engine failing, the Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas was scuttled during the American Civil War in 1862. German successes at the Battle of Wörth and Spicheren during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 William Kemmler was killed at Auburn Prison in New York using an electric chair first in 1890.
The 20th century produced several significant events. Kiowa territory in Oklahoma was opened for white immigrants in 1901. Serbia declared war on Germany and there started a major U-boat campaign in 1914 during World War I. The Battle of Sari Bair took place in 1915; the Battle of Mărășești got underway in 1917. In 1926 Gertrude Ederle became the first female swimmer across the English Channel. The Soviet Union acquired Estonia in 1940, and in 1945 the atomic bomb “Little Boy” was dropped on Hiroshima causing great death. Chile dropped the Law of Permanent Defense of Democracy in 1958, and the DuMont Television Network stopped running shows in 1956. Jamaica acquired its independence from the UK in 1962; the Cuban Revolution resulted in the nationalisation of property in 1960.
U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into legislation. Sydney had record rain in 1986 from a low-pressure system. Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990 resulted in a trade embargo enforced by the UN Security Council. Takako Doi became Japan’s first female House of Representatives speaker the same year Tim Berners-Lewley unveiled the World Wide Web. In 1996 NASA declared proof of ancient life on Mars in a meteorite. 229 persons were killed when Korean Air Flight 801 crashed in 1997. 28 mentally ill people in Tamil Nadu, India perished in the Erwadi fire disaster of 2001. Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz launched a coup d’état in Mauritania in 2008 that ousted President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi. Significant damage and mortality resulted from the 2010 flash floods in Jammu & Kashmir, India. The bloodiest single incident the United States had in the War in Afghanistan in 2011 was a military chopper crash. In 2012 NASA’s Curiosity rover touched down on Mars. At last, in 2015, at least 15 individuals were killed in an Abha, Saudi Arabia suicide bomb assault.