A turning point in human history, the Spanish conquest of America signalled the start of an era of exploration, colonising, and cultural interchange. But it was also a period of extreme violence, exploitation, and destruction that had a long-lasting effect on the indigenous people and helped to shape Latin America’s contemporary civilisations. Under Hernán Cortés, the Spanish Empire set its sights on the unexplored territory of the Americas early in the 16th century. Cortés fought his way to the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, claiming it for Spain with a small band of men and some horses. The Spanish took advantage of the lack of immunity to European diseases and their own internal divisions, so completing a quick and merciless conquest. Once a great and strong civilisation, the Aztec Empire was reduced to rubble and its people were compelled to live under a new, repressive manner. The Spanish conquest extended beyond the Aztecs, though, as they dug further into the Americas and came upon other civilisations with distinct customs and cultures. Their cities sacked and their riches taken, the Incas, the Mayans, and the Toltecs all collapsed before the Spanish assault. Notwithstanding the destruction, the Spanish conquest also resulted in a scientific and cultural interaction that would alter the path of history. Between the Old and New Worlds, fresh ideas, new foods, and new technologies flowed to enhance both. While the native people shared their knowledge of the territory, their agricultural practices, and their spiritual beliefs, the Spanish brought Christianity, European customs, and new forms of government. But the legacy of the conquest also includes the darker sides of human nature—that of our all-present capacity for exploitation, violence, and greed. Desperate for gold, silver, and other valuable resources, the Spanish conquest resulted in the enslavement and exploitation of the indigenous people. Working in mines, on farms, and in other kinds of forced labour, the indigenous peoples lost their cultural identities and ways of life. Many Latin American nations still struggle with the legacy of colonialism, so reflecting the effects of the Spanish conquest today. Once the main force in the Americas, the indigenous people today constitute a tiny minority of the population and their customs and way of life are under danger. Ultimately, the Spanish invasion of America was a multifarious and complicated occurrence with both tragedy and success. Our planet is still shaped by its legacy, thus it is crucial for us to remember and grow from this historical period. Modern society still bears the effects of the Spanish conquest in: Combining Spanish and indigenous cultures has produced a distinctive and energetic cultural legacy for Latin America. Language: Millions of people around the globe today speak Spanish, evidence of the conquest’s ongoing legacy. Cuisine: Modern cuisine has been enhanced by the food exchanges between the Old and New Worlds, so bringing fresh tastes and ingredients. Science: The Spanish conquest helped scientific knowledge to be exchanged, so fostering fresh discoveries and advances. Politics: With many nations still suffering the effects of colonialism, the legacy of the conquest is evident in the political scene of Latin America today. All things considered, the Spanish conquest of America was a turning point in human history signifying the start of an era of exploration, colonisation, and cultural interchange. Our planet is still shaped by its legacy, thus it is crucial that we honour and grow from this era of history.