JERUSALEM — Israel is facing renewed diplomatic pressure from European governments over its policies in Gaza and the occupied West Bank, with disagreements over humanitarian access, settlement expansion and civilian protection placing additional strain on long-standing international relationships.

The European Council, following its October 15–16 meeting, expressed serious concern about the humanitarian situation in Gaza and worsening conditions in the West Bank. European Union leaders called on Israel to facilitate sustained humanitarian assistance, enable independent humanitarian organisations to operate and protect civilians in the occupied Palestinian territories.

The EU also criticised the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and urged the Israeli government to reverse measures it considers inconsistent with international law. These concerns have become increasingly prominent in discussions about the future of European-Israeli relations.

Diplomatic tensions have also intensified following reports of attacks by Israeli settlers on European diplomats visiting Palestinian communities in the West Bank. On October 21, Poland urged Israel to protect civilians after an incident involving a convoy that included European diplomatic officials. The matter prompted communication between Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski and his Israeli counterpart, Gideon Sa’ar.

The dispute reflects broader differences between Israel and several European countries over the conduct of the conflict and the future of Palestinian statehood. While some European governments have adopted increasingly critical positions, others continue to emphasise Israel’s security concerns and the importance of maintaining diplomatic cooperation.

Israel’s government has consistently defended its security policies, arguing that military and other measures are necessary to address threats. European officials, meanwhile, have stressed the need to comply with international law and ensure humanitarian protection for civilians.

The diplomatic disagreements could affect cooperation in areas including trade, defence, research and regional security. However, the extent of any lasting change will depend on the decisions taken by individual European governments and the wider European Union.

The upcoming Israeli parliamentary election, scheduled for October 27, is adding another dimension to the debate. European officials and regional observers will be watching whether the election produces changes in government policy or leaves the existing disagreements largely unresolved.

For now, the situation highlights the challenge of balancing security concerns, humanitarian obligations and diplomatic relationships. Progress will depend on concrete policy decisions, improved protection for civilians and renewed efforts to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through political negotiations.