The Ancient Civilizations: A Treasure Trove of Knowledge

A wonderful history ; the ancient civilization helped to define the path of human existence. Great accomplishments, discoveries, and cultural advances during the period still inspire amazement and astonishment today.

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Early settlements around 4000 BCE marked the beginning of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, which comprised the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, and Phoenicians. People started to live in permanent sites, so fostering the growth of sophisticated society. Likewise, early colonies built by the ancient Egyptians, Harappans, Chinese, Indians, Greeks, Romans, Mayans, Aztecs, Incas, and Mongols set the stage for their later expansion.

The advanced method of farming the ancient Egyptians created let extra food be produced, hence fostering population increase and the rise in specialised labour. Along with their contributions to agriculture including the creation of new crops and irrigation systems the ancient Indians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans, and Mayans made.

The ancient Sumerians developed writing, which helped to record scientific knowledge, literature, and history, therefore enabling communication and cultural transfer. While the ancient Phoenicians invented the alphabet upon which many contemporary languages are based, the ancient Egyptians devised hieroglyphics. Whereas the ancient Chinese produced oracle bones and the Mongolian script, the ancient Indians created the Brahmi script.

Built by the ancient Greeks on enormous scale, the Parthenon displayed religious devotion and outstanding technical capacity. As the ancient Chinese were creating the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army, the Romans produced incredible structures including the Colosseum and Pantheon. The ancient Indians produced the Taj Mahal; the Mayans built the Pyramid of Kukulkan.

Among the principal scientific and technological developments the ancient Indians accomplished were those in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Whereas the ancient Greeks produced philosophy and drama, the ancient Chinese invented gunpowder and the compass. While the ancient Romans created aqueducts and concrete, the Mongolians developed the stirrup and the composite bow.

Like the Aeneid, the great writings and works of art the ancient Romans produced still influence contemporary civilization. While the Greeks wrote Oedipus Rex, the epic Mahabharata was being constructed by the ancient Indians. The Shijing was among the poetry the ancient Chinese composed as the Mayans wrote the Popol Vuh.