The World Health Organization is drawing attention to the growing need for better ways to assess and manage health risks associated with extreme heat, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, older adults and people with existing health challenges.

Rising temperatures are placing additional pressure on healthcare systems in many parts of the world. Public health authorities are increasingly focused on identifying those most at risk and improving preparedness for periods of unusually hot weather.

Extreme Heat Creates Growing Public Health Challenges

High temperatures can place considerable strain on the human body, especially when exposure is prolonged or accompanied by high humidity. Heat-related illness can range from dehydration and heat exhaustion to life-threatening heatstroke.

People working outdoors, living in poorly ventilated homes or lacking reliable access to cooling and drinking water may face greater exposure.

Pregnant women and young children can require particular attention because heat exposure may create additional health concerns during sensitive stages of development.

Better Risk Assessment Can Support Early Action

A structured approach to assessing heat-related health risks can help governments and healthcare providers identify vulnerable groups and allocate resources more effectively.

Public health planning can include heat-warning systems, access to drinking water, shaded public spaces, workplace protections and clear guidance for recognising symptoms of heat-related illness.

Hospitals and community health services can also use risk assessments to prepare for periods when heat-related emergencies are more likely.

International Cooperation Remains Important

Extreme heat affects countries differently depending on local climate, housing conditions, healthcare access and economic resources.

International health organisations can support governments by sharing scientific evidence, developing practical guidance and encouraging the integration of heat preparedness into national health policies.

Coordination between health authorities, meteorological agencies, employers and emergency services is also important for ensuring that warnings lead to timely protective action.

What Comes Next?

The effectiveness of any new assessment framework will depend on how it is implemented and whether it helps authorities identify risks before temperatures become dangerous.

Governments can strengthen preparedness by improving heat surveillance, expanding public awareness campaigns and ensuring that high-risk communities have access to appropriate support.

As extreme heat becomes an increasingly important public health concern, better risk assessment and early intervention can help communities prepare for hazardous conditions and reduce preventable illness.