3 August: Chronicle of events on this day across millennia
**Pre-1600**
Along the river Bosna, Roman general Tiberius notably defeated the Dalmatae, a tribe from the area of modern Bosnia, in 8 AD. This triumph signalled a major local consolidation of Roman authority.
Roman Emperor Theodosius II sent the deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Nestorius, to an Egypt monastery in 435 AD. Originating Nestorianism, a theological system that caused great debate inside the early Christian church, Nestorius is regarded as having created
Turning now to 881 AD, Louis III of France was battling Viking invaders in the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu. The epic poem, *Ludwigslied*, which honors the French king’s victory, immortalized this one.
Reflecting the erratic and changing power dynamics of medieval Europe, a Hungarian army routed an East Frankish army headed by Duke Burchard of Thuringia in the Battle of Eisenach in 908 AD.
Grimketel, the English bishop of Selsey, declared Saint Olaf of Norway, sometimes known as Olaf II, holy by 1031 AD. Olaf’s canonization identified him as a major player in Scandinavia’s Christianization.
Frederick of Lorraine gained election as Pope Stephen IX in 1057. His pontificate coincided with a period of notable political and theological turbulence inside the Catholic Church.
Beginning August 3, 1342, during the Spanish Reconquista, the Siege of Algeciras started. The more general fight to recover territory from the Moors included this protracted siege.
Beginning his historic journey that would result in the European discovery of the Americas on August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain.
John Rut wrote the first documented letter from North America in 1527 while at St. John’s in Newfoundland, therefore signifying a turning point in the history of early European exploration and colonization in the New World.
{1601–1900}
Transylvania was taken by Austria at the Battle of Goroszló during the Long War, which molded Eastern Europe’s political scene August 3rd, 1601.
On August 3, 1645, the French forces won the Second Battle of Nördlingen, therefore defeating the army of the Holy Roman Empire and changing the direction of the war.
Robert LaSalle started the first known ship built on the Great Lakes, the Le Griffon, on this day in 1678, therefore advancing the discovery and development of North America.
An important cultural event in the realm of opera, Milan’s La Scala theatre opened on August 3, 1778, with the première of Antonio Salieri’s *Europa riconosciuta*.
Signed in 1795, the Treaty of Greenville brought agreements between the United States and many Native American tribes in the Ohio Country and ended the Northwest Indian War.
August 3, 1811 saw brothers Johann Rudolf and Hieronymus Meyer ascend Jungfrau, the third-highest peak in the Bernese Alps.
Signed on August 3, 1829, between the Shawnee and Seneca peoples, the Treaty of Lewistown involves trading Ohio territory west of the Mississippi River.
Harvard University won the first Boat Race against Yale University on August 3, 1852, so launching what would become a long-standing custom of college athletic competition in America.
Founded August 3, 1859, in Niagara Falls, New York, the American Dental Association represents a significant turning point in the professional organization of dental practice in the United States.
An important turn in the automobile sector came when the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company was established in 1900.
1901–present:
Declared the Kruševo Republic on August 3, 1903, Macedonian rebels only had ten days before Ottoman soldiers destroyed it.
Though this ruling was subsequently reversed on appeal, Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis fined Standard Oil of Indiana a record $29.4 million in 1907 for improper rebating.
Germany declared war on France on August 3, 1914, while Romania announced its neutrality, therefore preparing the ground for the war’s spread.
After their acquittal in a court case addressing game-fixing charges, Major League Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis confirmed the ban of the eight Chicago Black Sox on August 3, 1921.
On August 3, 1936, Jesse Owens defeated Ralph Metcalfe in the Berlin Olympics’ 100-meter dash, therefore attesting to triumph over racial discrimination.
With 1,200 casualties and just 20 survivors, a terrible fire on August 3, 1936, destroyed Kursha-2 in the Meshchera Lowlands, Ryazan Oblast, Russia.
Italian soldiers started their attack of British Somaliland during World War II on August 3, 1940.
Opening on August 3, 1946 in Santa Claus, Indiana, Santa Claus Land is the first themed amusement park in the world.
On August 3, 1948, Whittaker Chambers charged Alger Hiss with being a communist and Soviet spy, hence inflating Cold War tensions.
August 3, 1949 saw the final merger of the National Basketball League and the Basketball Association of America to become the National Basketball Association.
On August 3, 1958, the USS Nautilus made a major naval historical first underwater passage of the North Pole.
On August 3, 1959, Portugal’s state police unit, PIDE, fired upon striking workers in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea, causing more than fifty casualties.
A turning point in African decolonization, Niger’s independence from France on August 3, 1960
Crucially in arms control during the Cold War, the United States Senate approved the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty on August 3, 1972.
Tragically in aviation history, a Boeing 707 crashed close to Agadir, Morocco, on August 3, 1975, killing 188 people.
On August 3, 1977, Tandy Corporation unveiled the TRS-80, among the first mass-produced personal computers in the world.
Under Mamadou Dia, Senegalese resistance group Suxxali Reew Mi was founded on August 3, 1981.
On August 3, 1997, terrorists executed 116 people in the Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria.
Opening in Auckland, New Zealand, on August 3, 1997, the Sky Tower is the highest free-standing construction in the Southern Hemisphere.
Closed since the September 11 attacks, the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopened to visitors in 2004.
On August 3, 2005, Mauritania’s President Maaouya Ould Sid’Ahmed Taya was toppled in a military takeover.
Former deputy director of Chile’s secret police Raúl Iturriaga was caught on August 3, 2007, having evaded prosecution for kidnapping convictions.
Following the murder of a local leader, Karachi, Pakistan, saw at least 85 deaths and major damage as riots broke out on August 3, 2010.
On August 3, 2014, Yunnan, China, had a 6.1 magnitude earthquake that killed at least 617 people and injured over 2,400.
On August 3, 2014, ISIS started the horrific catastrophe of contemporary history—the extermination of Yazidis.
On August 3, 2018, two burka-clad men executed a suicide attack on a Shia mosque in eastern Afghanistan, killing 29 people and seriously injuring over eighty others.
Amidst political unrest connected to elections, 600 people—including opposition leader Lyubov Sobol—were arrested during demonstrations in Moscow in 2019.
A mass shooting in El Paso, Texas, on August 3, 2019, claimed 23 lives and left 22 injured, therefore emphasizing continuous problems with gun violence in the United States.
At last, on August 3, 2023, huge floods strike most of Slovenia, therefore causing a notable natural disaster affecting the area.
These events highlight the several and significant occurrences that August 3rd historically has produced.
