Marine Biodiversity Treaty Crosses Ratification Threshold, Set to Enter Into Force
New York, September 20, 2025 — The Marine Biodiversity Treaty, a landmark global agreement designed to safeguard the health of the world’s oceans, has officially secured the number of ratifications needed to take effect. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres hailed the development as a “historic achievement for the ocean and for multilateralism.”
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A Milestone for the High Seas
Formally known as the High Seas Treaty, the agreement focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction — regions often referred to as the “global commons.” These waters, which make up nearly two-thirds of the ocean, have long been vulnerable to overfishing, pollution, and the impacts of climate change.
Guterres welcomed the speed of international action: “In two years, States have turned commitment into action, showing what’s possible when nations unite,” he said, emphasizing the urgency of collective responsibility in protecting marine ecosystems.
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From Negotiation to Action
The treaty was adopted in 2023 after years of negotiation at the United Nations.
It establishes mechanisms for creating marine protected areas, ensures equitable sharing of marine genetic resources, and strengthens environmental impact assessments on activities in the high seas.
With the ratification threshold reached, the treaty will formally enter into force after a set implementation period.
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Why It Matters
Marine biodiversity underpins global food security, climate regulation, and economic stability. Scientists have warned that unchecked exploitation of the high seas could push fragile ecosystems past tipping points. The treaty represents a significant step toward reversing that trajectory.
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Looking Ahead
The focus now shifts to implementation. States must cooperate to establish protected areas, monitor compliance, and ensure that conservation goals are matched with sustainable use. For many observers, this breakthrough proves that when nations act together, even the most complex global challenges can be addressed.
